Terrorsim QuickBrief: Harakat Sawa'd Misr (HASM): Tracing Origins, Unraveling History, and Understanding Goals

Harakat Sawa'd Misr (HASM) is an emerging Egyptian militant group that has gained attention for its violent activities and attacks. Established in the aftermath of political turmoil in Egypt, HASM has quickly become a notable player in the country's security landscape. This article examines the origins, historical development, and goals of HASM, shedding light on its role and impact within the complex context of Egypt's sociopolitical environment.

Origins and Founding:

HASM emerged in 2016 during a period of unrest following the Egyptian Arab Spring uprising of 2011 and the subsequent ousting of President Mohamed Morsi in 2013. The group's name, Harakat Sawa'd Misr, translates to "Arms of Egypt Movement." It is believed to have splintered from the larger Hasm Movement, itself an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. HASM's emergence reflects a broader trend of radicalization in the wake of political changes and government crackdowns on Islamist groups.

Historical Development:

HASM's activities began to gain prominence in 2016 with a series of high-profile attacks targeting Egyptian security personnel, government officials, and public institutions. These attacks were characterized by their precision and sophistication. The group's attacks typically involve the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and targeted assassinations, underscoring its strategic focus on weakening state security apparatuses.

Goals and Ideology:

HASM's primary goal is to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state governed by its interpretation of Sharia law. The group opposes the current political order and views it as unjust and un-Islamic. HASM's ideology is rooted in its perception of the Egyptian government as a collaborator with Western powers, particularly the United States. The group accuses the government of compromising the country's sovereignty.

Tactics and Operational Approach:

HASM has demonstrated a deliberate and calculated approach to its attacks. The group often chooses high-profile targets and utilizes coordinated tactics to maximize the impact of its actions. Its attacks have included roadside bombings, shootings, and assassinations of security personnel and officials. The group's tactics aim to undermine the government's authority, create fear and instability, and ultimately erode public confidence in the state's ability to provide security.

Government Response and Challenges:

The Egyptian government has designated HASM as a terrorist organization and has launched comprehensive counterterrorism efforts to dismantle its networks. These efforts include increased security measures, intelligence operations, and crackdowns on individuals suspected of involvement with the group. However, the covert nature of the organization, its decentralized structure, and its ability to recruit new members present ongoing challenges to security forces.

International Implications:

HASM's activities have raised concerns among international stakeholders due to its potential to destabilize Egypt's internal security and regional stability. Egypt's strategic location in the Middle East and its role as a key player in regional politics make it susceptible to influences that can exacerbate existing security challenges. International collaboration and intelligence sharing have become crucial in addressing the threat posed by HASM.

Future Outlook:

The future of HASM remains uncertain, with several variables shaping its trajectory. Continued government efforts to counter the group's activities will likely play a significant role in determining its influence. Additionally, the political and social environment in Egypt will impact the group's recruitment potential and support base. Addressing the underlying grievances and issues that contribute to radicalization is essential for a more stable and secure Egypt.

Conclusion:

Harakat Sawa'd Misr (HASM) is a relatively new entrant in Egypt's security landscape, but its impact has been notable. Understanding its origins, historical development, and goals is crucial for comprehending the evolving dynamics of extremism and radicalization within the country. Combating the threat posed by HASM requires a multifaceted approach that addresses not only the symptoms of extremism but also the underlying socio-political factors that contribute to its growth.